1.1 This test method covers procedures for an approximate determination of the presence of injurious organic impurities in fine aggregates that are to be used in hydraulic cement mortar or concrete.

1.2 Inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average density of a quantity of fine aggregate particles (not including the volume of voids between the particles) the relative density (specific gravity) and the absorption of the fine aggregate. Depending on the procedure used the density in kg/m³ (lb/ft³) is expressed as oven-dry (OD) saturated-surface-dry (SSD) or as apparent density. Likewise relative density (specific gravity) a dimensionless quality is expressed as OD SSD or as apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity). The OD density and OD relative density are determined after drying the aggregate. The SSD density SSD relative density and absorption are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.

1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate particles and provides an average value representing the sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate particles as determined by this test method and the bulk density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C 29/C 29M which includes the volume of voids between the particles of aggregates.

1.3 This test method is not intended to be used for lightweight aggregates.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density shall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units as appropriate for the use to be made of the results.

1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average density of a quantity of fine aggregate particles (not including the volume of voids between the particles) as appropriate for the use to be made of the results.

1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.

This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.1 This specification covers fine aggregate for use in bituminous paving mixtures.

1.2 This specification is intended to describe material from a single source. When material from two or more sources is to be blended to produce a grading to meet requirements in other specifications for bituminous paving mixtures the grading requirements of Table 1 of this specification are not applicable.

Note 18212; When obtaining materials from two or more sources that are to be blended to produce the final mix it is recommended that the specifying or the ordering agency specify the alternative gradings and blend ratios to be supplied.

1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Inch-pound units shown in parentheses are for information only.

1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

1.1 This specification covers fine aggregate for use in bituminous paving mixtures.

1.2 This specification is intended to describe material from a single source. When material from two or more sources is to be blended to produce a grading to meet requirements as described in Specification D3515 or other specifications for bituminous paving mixtures the grading requirements of Table 1 of this specification are not applicable.

Note 18212;When obtaining materials from two or more sources that are to be blended to produce the final mix it is recommended that the specifying or the ordering agency specify the alternative gradings and blend ratios to be supplied.

1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Inch-pound units are for information only.

1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the loose uncompacted void content of a sample of fine aggregate. When measured on any aggregate of a known grading void content provides an indication of that aggregate''s angularity sphericity and surface texture compared with other fine aggregates tested in the same grading. When void content is measured on an as-received fine-aggregate grading it can be an indicator of the effect of the fine aggregate on the workability of a mixture in which it may be used.

1.2 Three procedures are included for the measurement of void content. Two use graded fine aggregate (standard grading or as-received grading) and the other uses several individual size fractions for void content determinations:

1.2.1 Standard Graded Sample (Test Method A) -This test method uses a standard fine aggregate grading that is obtained by combining individual sieve fractions from a typical fine aggregate sieve analysis. See the section on Preparation of Test Samples for the grading.

1.2.2 Individual Size Fractions (Test Method B) -This test method uses each of three fine aggregate size fractions: ( ) 2.36 mm (No. 8) to 1.18 mm (No. 16); ( ) 1.18 mm (No. 16) to 600 [mu]m (No. 30); and ( ) 600 [mu]m (No. 30) to 300 [mu]m (No. 50). For this test method each size is tested separately.

1.2.3 As-Received Grading (Test Method C) -This test method uses that portion of the fine aggregate finer than a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.

1.2.4 See the section on Significance and Use for guidance on the method to be used.

1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This test method assigns an empirical value to the relative amount fineness and character of claylike material present in the test specimen.

A minimum sand equivalent value may be specified to limit the permissible quantity of claylike fines in an aggregate.

This test method provides a rapid field method for determining changes in the quality of aggregates during production or placement.

1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a rapid field-correlation test. The purpose of this test method is to indicate under standard conditions the relative proportions of clay-like or plastic fines and dust in granular soils and fine aggregates that pass the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. The term "sand equivalent" expresses the concept that most granular soils and fine aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles sand and generally undesirable clay or plastic fines and dust.

Note 18212;Some agencies perform the test on material with a top size smaller than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. This is done to avoid trapping the clay-like or plastic fines and dust below flaky shaped 4.75 to 2.36 mm (No. 4 to 8) sized particles. Testing smaller top sized material may lower the numerical results of the test.

1.2 Units of Measurement

1.2.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard with the exception of the dimensions of the special sand equivalent test apparatus described in in which the the inch dimensions are standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Bulk relative density (specific gravity) is the characteristic generally used for calculation of the volume occupied by the aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate including Portland cement concrete bituminous concrete and other mixtures that are proportioned or analyzed on an absolute volume basis. Bulk relative density (specific gravity) is used in the computation of voids in aggregate in C 1252 and C 29/ C 29M. Bulk relative density (specific gravity) determined on the saturated surface dry (SSD) basis is used if the aggregate is wet that is if its absorption has been satisfied. Conversely the bulk relative density (specific gravity) determined on the oven-dry basis is used for computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to be dry.

Apparent relative density (specific gravity) pertains to the relative density of the solid material making up the constituent particles not including the pore space within the nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;particles that is accessible to water. This value is not widely used in construction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;aggregate technology.

Water absorption values are used to calculate the change in the mass of an nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;aggregate due to water absorbed in the pore spaces within the constituent nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;particles compared to the dry condition when it is deemed that the aggregate nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;has been in contact with water long enough to satisfy most of the absorption nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;potential. The laboratory standard for absorption is that obtained after nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;submerging dry aggregate for approximately 24 hours in water. Aggregates nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;mined from below the water table may have a higher absorption when used if not allowed to dry. Conversely some aggregates when used may contain an nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;amount of absorbed moisture less than the 24 hours soaked condition: For an aggregate that has been in contact with water and that had free moisture on the nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;particle surface the percentage of free moisture can be determined by deducting nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;the absorption from the total moisture content determined according to C 566 by drying.

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density (specific gravity) and absorption of fine aggregates.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

The Micro-Deval abrasion test is a test of fine aggregate to determine abrasion loss in the presence of water and an abrasive charge. Many aggregates are more susceptible to abrasion when wet than dry and the use of water in this test incorporates this reduction in resistance to degradation. The test results are helpful in evaluating the toughness/abrasion resistance of fine aggregate subject to abrasion when adequate information is not available from service records. This test is suitable for measuring the amount of weak soft material such as shale or shaley carbonate in fine aggregate. Materials that give a low loss in this test are unlikely to exhibit significant degradation during handling mixing or placing. There is a relationship between drying shrinkage of cement mortar and Micro-Deval abrasion loss of fine aggregate with higher loss materials resulting in higher drying shrinkage. Descriptions of the development of the test and the relationship with other properties have been published.

The Micro-Deval abrasion test on fine aggregate is useful for detecting changes in properties of aggregate produced from an aggregate source as part of a quality control or quality assurance process.

The Micro-Deval abrasion test on fine aggregate in contrast to the version on coarse aggregate has a significant correlation with the Magnesium Sulfate soundness loss of fine aggregate. The Micro-Deval test on fine aggregate has better precision than the sulfate soundness test is quicker and may be used in place of that test. Advice on specific values for selection of aggregate will be found in the appendix.

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for testing fine aggregate for resistance to abrasion using the Micro-Deval apparatus.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

1.3 The text of this method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.